An extensional origin for this basin system is interpreted from the recognition of basin‐forming normal faults (later reactivated as strike‐slip or inverse) feeding alluvial fans and from expressive basic to acidic volcanic successions in several basins. The interpretation of a common origin for all Ediacaran to Cambrian basins of southeastern South America implies that all the different terranes of the Brasiliano orogenic collage in the region were already united in a single plate at approximately 600 Ma. However, new and recently published age constraints, lithological similarities, and structural aspects point to the correlation of all Ediacaran to Cambrian basins in southeastern South America within a common basin system more than 1500 km long. Most existing models consider these basins separately, with distinct tectonic evolutionary histories according to local geological settings. Abstract The tectonic evolution of southeastern South America from the Middle Ediacaran to the Early Cambrian is marked by a series of small fault‐bounded siliciclastic and volcaniclastic basins and voluminous coeval granites traditionally associated with the compressional or transpressional tectonics of the late stages of the Pan‐African‐Brasiliano orogeny.
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